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Inside Ayurved: An Independent Journal of Ayurvedic Health Care
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| Dr. Jai Maharaj 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| Inside Ayurved: An Independent Journal of Ayurvedic Health Care
Forwarded message from Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
[ Subject: "Inside Ayurveda: An Independent Journal of
Ayurvedic Health Care."
[ From: Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
[ Date: Sat, 27 Aug 2005
Ayurvedic medicine
Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603
By Douglas Dupler
sbchopra.sgm
Definition
Ayurvedic medicine is a system of healing that originated
in ancient India. In Sanskrit, ayur means life or living,
and veda means knowledge, so Ayurved has been defined as
the "knowledge of living" or the "science of longevity."
Ayurvedic medicine utilizes diet, detoxification and
purification techniques, herbal and mineral remedies,
yoga, breathing exercises, meditation, and massage
therapy as holistic healing methods. Ayurvedic medicine
is widely practiced in modern India and has been steadily
gaining followers in the West.
Origins
Ayurvedic medicine originated in the early civilizations
of India some 3,000-5,000 years ago. It is mentioned in
the Vedas, the ancient religious and philosophical texts
that are the oldest surviving literature in the world,
which makes Ayurvedic medicine the oldest surviving
healing system. According to the texts, Ayurved was
conceived by enlightened wise men as a system of living
harmoniously and maintaining the body so that mental and
spiritual awareness could be possible. Medical historians
believe that Ayurvedic ideas were transported from
ancient India to China and were instrumental in the
development of Chinese medicine.
Today, Ayurvedic medicine is used by 80% of the
population in India. Aided by the efforts of Deepak
Chopra and the Maharishi, it has become an increasingly
accepted alternative medical treatment in America during
the last two decades. Chopra is an M.D. who has written
several bestsellers based on Ayurvedic ideas. He also
helped develop the Center for Mind/Body Medicine in La
Jolla, California, a major Ayurvedic center that trains
physicians in Ayurvedic principles, produces herbal
remedies, and conducts research and documentation of its
healing techniques.
Benefits According to the original texts, the goal of
Ayurved is prevention as well as promotion of the body's
own capacity for maintenance and balance. Ayurvedic
treatment is non-invasive and non-toxic, so it can be
used safely as an alternative therapy or alongside
conventional therapies. Ayurvedic physicians claim that
their methods can also help stress-related, metabolic,
and chronic conditions. Ayurved has been used to treat
acne, allergies, asthma, anxiety, arthritis, chronic
fatigue syndrome, colds, colitis, constipation,
depression, diabetes, flu, heart disease, hypertension,
immune problems, inflammation, insomnia, nervous
disorders, obesity, skin problems, and ulcers.
Ayurvedic physicians seek to discover the roots of a
disease before it gets so advanced that more radical
treatments are necessary. Thus, Ayurved seems to be
limited in treating severely advanced conditions,
traumatic injuries, acute pain, and conditions and
injuries requiring invasive surgery. Ayurvedic techniques
have also been used alongside chemotherapy and surgery to
assist patients in recovery and healing.
Description
Key ideas
To understand Ayurvedic treatment, it is necessary to
have an idea how the Ayurvedic system views the body. The
basic life force in the body is praan, which is also
found in the elements and is similar to the Chinese
notion of chi. As Swami Vishnudevananda, a yogi and
expert, put it, "Prana is in the air, but is not the
oxygen, nor any of its chemical constituents. It is in
food, water, and in the sunlight, yet it is not vitamin,
heat, or light-rays. Food, water, air, etc., are only the
media through which the praan is carried."
In Ayurved, there are five basic elements that contain
praan: earth, water, fire, air, and ether. These elements
interact and are further organized in the human body as
three main categories or basic physiological principles
in the body that govern all bodily functions known as the
doshas. The three doshas are vatt, pitt, and kaph. Each
person has a unique blend of the three doshas, known as
the person's prakriti, which is why Ayurvedic treatment
is always individualized. In Ayurved, disease is viewed
as a state of imbalance in one or more of a person's
doshas, and an Ayurvedic physician strives to adjust and
balance them, using a variety of techniques.
The vatt dosh is associated with air and ether, and in
the body promotes movement and lightness. Vatt people are
generally thin and light physically, dry-skinned, and
very energetic and mentally restless. When vatt is out of
balance, there are often nervous problems, hyperactivity,
sleeplessness, lower back pains, and headaches.
Pitt is associated with fire and water. In the body, it
is responsible for metabolism and digestion. Pitt
characteristics are medium-built bodies, fair skin,
strong digestion, and good mental concentration. Pitt
imbalances show up as anger and aggression and stress-
related conditions like gastritis, ulcers, liver
problems, and hypertension.
The kaph dosh is associated with water and earth. People
characterized as kaph are generally large or heavy with
more oily complexions. They tend to be slow, calm, and
peaceful. Kaph disorders manifest emotionally as greed
and possessiveness, and physically as obesity, fatigue,
bronchitis, and sinus problems.
Diagnosis
In Ayurvedic medicine, disease is always seen as an
imbalance in the dosh system, so the diagnostic process
strives to determine which doshas are underactive or
overactive in a body. Diagnosis is often taken over a
course of days in order for the Ayurvedic physician to
most accurately determine what parts of the body are
being affected. To diagnose problems, Ayurvedic
physicians often use long questionnaires and interviews
to determine a person's dosh patterns and physical and
psychological histories. Ayurvedic physicians also
intricately observe the pulse, tongue, face, lips, eyes,
and fingernails for abnormalities or patterns that they
believe can indicate deeper problems in the internal
systems. Some Ayurvedic physicians also use laboratory
tests to assist in diagnosis.
Treatment
Ayurvedic treatment seeks to re-establish balance and
harmony in the body's systems. Usually the first method
of treatment involves some sort of detoxification and
cleansing of the body, in the belief that accumulated
toxins must be removed before any other methods of
treatment will be effective. Methods of detoxification
include therapeutic vomiting, laxatives, medicated
enemas, fasting, and cleansing of the sinuses. Many
Ayurvedic clinics combine all of these cleansing methods
into intensive sessions known as panchakarm. Panchakarm
can take several days or even weeks and they are more
than elimination therapies. They also include herbalized
oil massage and herbalized heat treatments. After
purification, Ayurvedic physicians use herbal and mineral
remedies to balance the body as well. Ayurvedic medicine
contains a vast knowledge of the use of herbs for
specific health problems.
Ayurvedic medicine also emphasizes how people live their
lives from day to day, believing that proper lifestyles
and routines accentuate balance, rest, diet, and
prevention. Ayurved recommends yoga as a form of exercise
to build strength and health, and also advises massage
therapy and self-massage as ways of increasing
circulation and reducing stress. Yogic breathing
techniques and meditation are also part of a healthy
Ayurvedic regimen, to reduce stress and improve mental
energy.
Of all treatments, though, diet is one of the most basic
and widely used therapy in the Ayurvedic system. An
Ayurvedic diet can be a very well planned and
individualized regimen. According to Ayurved, there are
six basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter,
and astringent. Certain tastes and foods can either calm
or aggravate a particular dosh. For instance, sweet,
sour, and salty decrease vatt problems and increase kaph.
Sour, salty, and pungent can increase pitt. After an
Ayurvedic physician determines a person's dosh profile,
they will recommend a specific diet to correct imbalances
and increase health. The Ayurvedic diet emphasizes
primarily vegetarian foods of high quality and freshness,
tailored to the season and time of day. Cooling foods are
eaten in the summer and heating ones in the winter,
always within a person's dosh requirements. In daily
routine, the heaviest meal of the day should be lunch,
and dinner should eaten well before bedtime, to allow for
complete digestion. Also, eating meals in a calm manner
with proper chewing and state of mind is important, as is
combining foods properly and avoiding overeating.
Cost
Costs of Ayurvedic treatments can vary, with initial
consultations running anywhere from $40 to over $100,
with follow-up visits costing less. Herbal treatments may
cost from $10 to $50 per month, and are often available
from health food or bulk herb stores. Some clinics offer
panchakarm, the intensive Ayurvedic detoxification
treatment, which can include overnight stays for up to
several weeks. The prices for these programs can vary
significantly, depending on the services and length of
stay. Insurance reimbursement may depend on whether the
primary physician is a licensed M.D.
Preparations
Ayurved is a mind/body system of health that contains
some ideas foreign to the Western scientific model. Those
people considering Ayurved should approach it with an
open mind and willingness to experiment. Also, because
Ayurved is a whole-body system of healing and health,
patience and discipline are helpful, as some conditions
and diseases are believed to be brought on by years of
bad health habits and require time and effort to correct.
Finally, the Ayurvedic philosophy believes that each
person has the ability to heal themselves, so those
considering Ayurved should be prepared to bring
responsibility and participation into the treatment.
Precautions
An Ayurvedic practitioner should always be consulted.
Side effects
During Ayurvedic detoxification programs, some people
report fatigue, muscle soreness, and general sickness.
Also, as Ayurved seeks to release mental stresses and
psychological problems from the patient, some people can
experience mental disturbances and depression during
treatment, and psychological counseling may be part of a
sound program.
Research & general acceptance
Because Ayurved had been outside the Western scientific
system for years, research in the United States is new.
Another difficulty in documentation arises because
Ayurvedic treatment is very individualized; two people
with the same disease but different dosh patterns might
be treated differently. Much more scientific research has
been conducted over the past several decades in India.
Much research in the United States is being supported by
the Maharishi Ayur-Ved organization, which studies the
Ayurvedic products it sells and its clinical practices.
Some Ayurvedic herbal mixtures have been proven to have
high antioxidant properties, much stronger than vitamins
A, C, and E, and some have also been shown in laboratory
tests to reduce or eliminate tumors in mice and to
inhibit cancer growth in human lung tumor cells. In a
1987 study at MIT, an Ayurvedic herbal remedy was shown
to significantly reduce colon cancer in rats. Another
study was performed in the Netherlands with Maharishi
Ayur-Ved products. A group of patients with chronic
illnesses, including asthma, chronic bronchitis,
hypertension, eczema, psoriasis, constipation, rheumatoid
arthritis, headaches, and non-insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus, were given Ayurvedic treatment. Strong results
were observed, with nearly 80% of the patients improving
and some chronic conditions being completely cured.
Other studies have shown that Ayurvedic therapies can
significantly lower cholesterol and blood pressure in
stress-related problems. Diabetes, acne, and allergies
have also been successfully treated with Ayurvedic
remedies. Ayurvedic products have been shown to increase
short-term memory and reduce headaches. Also, Ayurvedic
remedies have been used successfully to support the
healing process of patients undergoing chemotherapy, as
these remedies have been demonstrated to increase immune
system activity.
Training & certification
In the United States, there is no standardized program
for the certification of Ayurvedic practitioners. Many
practitioners have primary degrees, either as M.D.s,
homeopaths, or naturopathic physicians, with additional
training in Ayurved.
Key Terms
Dosh
One of three constitutional types, either vatt,
pitt, or kaph, found in Ayurvedic medicine.
Meditation
Technique of calming the mind.
Panchakarm
Intensive Ayurvedic cleansing and detoxification
program.
Prakriti
An individual's unique dosh pattern.
Praan
Basic life energy found in the elements.
Yog
System of body and breathing exercises.
Vatt Pitt Kaph
Physical Thin Average build Large build
characteristics Prominent features Fair, thin hair Wavy, thick hair
Cool, dry skin Warm, moist skin Pale, cool, oily skin
Constipation Ulcers, heartburn, Obesity, allergies,
Cramps and hemorrhoids and sinus problems
Acne High cholesterol
Emotional Moody Intense Relaxed
characteristics Vivacious Quick tempered Not easily angered
Intelligent Loving Affectionate
Imaginative Articulate Tolerant
Enthusiastic Compassionate
Intuitive
Behavioral Unscheduled sleep Orderly Structured Slow, graceful
characteristics and meal times sleep and meal Long sleeper and
Nervous disorders times slow eater
Anxiety Perfectionist Procrastination
Further Reading
For Your Information
Books
Gerson, Scott M.D. Ayurved: The Ancient Indian Healing
Art. Boston: Element Books, 1993.
Lad, Dr. Vasant. Ayurved: The Science of Self-Healing.
Wisconsin: Lotus Press, 1984.
Lad, Dr. Vasant. The Complete Book of Ayurvedic Home
Remedies. Minneapolis: Three Rivers Press, 1999.
Tiwari, Maya. Ayurved: A Life of Balance. Vermont:
Healing Arts Press, 1995. Organizations
American Institute of Vedic Studiess. P.O. Box 8357,
Santa Fe, NM 87504. (505) 983-9385
Ayurved Holistic Center. Bayville, Long Island, NY.
(516)759-7731 mail@Ayurvedahc.com
http://www.Ayurvedahc.com
The Ayurvedic Institute. 11311 Menaul, NE Albuquerque,
New Mexico 87112. (505)291-9698. info@Ayurved.com
http://www.Ayurved.com
Ayurvedic and Naturopathic Medical Clinic. 10025 NE 4th
Street, Bellevue, WA 98004. (206)453-8022.
Bastyr university of Natural Health Sciences. 144 N.E.
54th Street, Seattle, WA 98105. (206)523-9585.
Center for Mind/Body Medicine. P.O. Box 1048, La Jolla,
CA 92038. (619)794-2425.
The college of Maharishi Ayur-Ved, Maharishi
International University. 1000 4th Street, Fairfield, IA
52557. (515)472-7000.
National Institute of Ayurvedic Medicine. (914)278-8700.
drgerson@erols.com http://www.niam.com
The Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga and Ayurved. P.O.
Box 1091, Boulder, CO 80306. (303)443-6923.
Other
"Inside Ayurved: An Independent Journal of Ayurvedic
Health Care." P.O. Box 3021, Quincy, CA 95971.
http://www.insideayurveda.com.
Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Gale Group,
2001.
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...jhtml?term=yoga
End of forwarded message from Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
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| harikumar@indero.com 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
|
Toxic Heavy Metals and Undeclared Drugs in Asian Herbal Medicines
by Edzard Ernst
This article will also appear in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.
Issue 120
Abstract Asian herbal medicines are currently used by large sections
of the population. Because they are not regulated as medicines and are
freely available to everyone, serious safety concerns might be
associated with these herbal medicines.
In this article, evidence suggesting that some Asian herbal medicines
contain toxic heavy metals or undeclared prescription drugs is
reviewed. In particular, Indian and Chinese preparations have been
implicated.
Although adulteration with drugs is by definition fraudulent, the
inclusion of heavy metals could be either intentional for alleged
medicinal purposes or accidental.
Evidence from various countries implies that toxic heavy metals and
undeclared prescription drugs in Asian herbal medicines might
constitute a serious health problem. However, the majority of the data
is anecdotal and insufficient to define prevalence figures.
Ways ought to be found to maximize consumer safety.
In most developed countries, Asian herbal medicines (AHMs) are
becoming more and more popular [1]. However, usually AHMs are not
regulated as medicines. Problems might arise as a result of the lack
of adequate regulations, the pharmacological complexity of herbal
products, and the paucity of information on the pharmacology and
toxicity of these compounds. AHMs can be purchased from outlets
ranging from health-food stores to Internet sites, and thus a crucial
evaluation of their safety is relevant and important.
One obvious safety issue relates to the possibility that some AHMs
contain heavy metals or undeclared drugs [2]. Based on a review of the
recent medical literature (Medline, Embase 1990-2001), this article
aims to summarize the recent evidence pertaining to this subject.
Indian Remedies Indian medical systems (e.g. Ayurveda and Unani) have
a long and rich history of herbal medicine, and heavy metals have been
a regular and deliberate constituent of traditional Indian remedies
[3]. Thus, to use the term "contamination" with respect to the
presence of heavy metals in such remedies might be misleading (see
below).
A London-based toxicology unit published a case series of adverse
events associated with traditional medicines that were reported to
them between 1991 and 1995 [4]. Of 12 cases of poisoning with lead,
arsenic or mercury, nine cases were associated with herbal remedies
from India and the remainder was due to traditional Indian cosmetics
(e.g., "surma.")
A recent exemplary case report from Italy [5] (box 1) exhibits many
hallmarks of such cases: desperate parents, non-medically qualified
healers, lack of product standards, undeclared ingredients,
nondisclosure of usage and long-term medication, in addition to delay
of diagnosis of poisoning and hence delay of effective therapy. Indian
authors recently analyzed 31 Ayurvedic formulations obtained in India
for their mercury content [6].
With the exception of one remedy, all exceeded the legal limits of 1
ppm mercury and 16 preparations exceeded the limits by more than two
orders of magnitude. These authors also noted that huge variability of
mercury content existed within one allegedly identical remedy
manufactured by different companies.
No recent systematic investigations are available about the prevalence
of heavy metal content of traditional Indian remedies on sale in
developed countries.
Thus, a considerable degree of uncertainty continues to surround this
area.
Chinese Remedies Numerous case reports and case series of heavy metal
poisoning associated with the use of traditional Chinese medicines
(TCMs) have been published [7]; lead has relatively often been
implicated as the cause of such poisoning but mercury, cadmium,
arsenic, copper, and thallium have also been found in TCMs [7].
Californian officials have screened for undeclared pharmaceuticals and
heavy metals in imported Chinese remedies on sale in Californian
herbal retail stores [8]. Seven percent of the 251 products tested
contained undeclared pharmaceuticals (e.g., ephedrine,
chlorpheniramine, methyltestosterone, and phenacetin). Twenty-four
products contained at least 10 ppm lead, 36 contained an average of
14.6 ppm arsenic, 35 contained an average of 1,046 ppm mercury, and 23
had more than one contaminant and/or adulterant.
Koh and Woo [9] reported the detection of toxic heavy metals that
exceeded Singapore's legal limits in 42 Chinese proprietary medicines.
They collected 2,080 samples of such medicines in Singapore and tested
them for heavy metal content. Forty-two different medicines were found
to contain metals in amounts exceeding the legal limits.
Mercury was found in 28 products, lead in eight, arsenic in six, and
copper in one. One product contained both mercury and lead and another
product contained both mercury and arsenic. Melchart et al. [10]
analyzed all 317 batches of dried Chinese herbs delivered to a German
hospital of Chinese medicine.
Heavy metal content beyond the legal limits was detected in 3.5% of
these samples. Obviously, heavy metals are not the only possible toxic
ingredients in herbal remedies; contamination with herbicides,
pesticides, microorganisms; or mycotoxins, insects, or undeclared
herbal constituents are other relevant possibilities [2,11-13].
Moreover, contamination with toxic herbal constituents (e.g., through
misidentification of the herbal ingredients) can be a serious problem.
In Belgium, the use of a TCM contaminated with plants from the
Aristolochia species resulted in an epidemic of subacute intestinal
nephropathy. Many of the affected patients required kidney
transplantation. When 19 kidneys and urethras removed from ten such
patients were examined histologically, there were conclusive signs of
neoplasms in 40% of cases [14].
Numerous case reports originating from countries such as Australia,
Belgium, China, the Netherlands, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and
United States demonstrate the adulteration of TCMs with synthetic
drugs and associate the use of adultered remedies with health problems
of the user [15]. The adulterants include a wide range of
pharmaceuticals (box 2). The resulting clinical consequences are often
serious and sometimes life threatening: agranulocytosis, Cushing's
syndrome, coma, the excessive increase of the international normalized
ratio (INR) have all been reported.
In other cases, the adulterants caused no symptoms at all and the
problem was discovered only through routine check-ups or through the
remarkably good clinical response, which turned out to be due not to
the TCM but to the undeclared prescription drug.
Analyses are available of Chinese herbal medicines collected in
Australia [16], Taiwan [17] and UK [18]. The largest of these studies
is that of Huang and colleagues from Taiwan [17], who showed that 24%
of all 2,609 samples collected contained at least one adulterant.
This high prevalence was due to the fact that the samples were
associated with reports of adverse effects and poisoning, and possibly
included low-grade folk remedies. Examples of recent case reports
[19,20] are illustrated in boxes 3 and 4.
Concerns About the Safety of Asian Herbal Medicines
These data raise concerns about the safety of consumers using AHMs.
Both toxic heavy metal content and adulteration with prescription
drugs have been reported. To date, few data are available to calculate
the prevalence of these problems reliably in developed countries.
A recent press release [21] of the British "Medicines Control Agency"
stated that this regulatory body "continues to find potentially
dangerous and illegal ingredients in TCMs. Recently TCMs have been
found to include . . . mercury and arsenic . . . [and] prescription
only steroids." It is notable that the majority of clinical problems
occur with self-prescription of AHMs.
One could therefore argue that consulting an experienced herbal
practitioner might avert adverse events; however, evidence is required
to support this claim. Several possibilities exist to explain the
presence of heavy metals in AHMs. First, heavy metals could be
included intentionally for alleged medicinal properties.
Some Indian schools of medicine emphasize the importance of metals
such as lead, copper, gold, iron, mercury, silver, tin and zinc for
the proper function of the human body [22]. Ayurvedic textbooks, for
example, take note of the toxicity of heavy metals and recommend
special physicochemical processes that, according to ancient Indian
belief, "detoxify" such toxic heavy metals (e.g. by heating them until
they glow [23]).
In traditional Chinese medicine, mercury is part of some preparations
under the terminology of "cinnabaris" (mercury sulfide), "calomel"
(mercury chloride) or "hydrargyri oxydum rubrum" (mercury oxide). Such
products are used for a variety of indications including, for example,
as a tranquilliser, an anti-epileptic, for ulcers or to treat insomnia
[9]. Lead is used as "Mi Tuo Seng" (Lithargyrum) [24] and arsenic as
"Xiong Huang" (Realgar) [25] in the manufacture of several TCMs.
Strictly speaking, these constituents are thus not contaminants but
ingredients deliberately included for a specific curative purpose.
Second, the presence of heavy metals might be the result of
contamination during manufacture, for example, from grinding weights
or lead-increasing containers or other manufacturing utensils [9].
Third, AHMs might contain heavy metals when grown on seriously
polluted soil [26].
In this context it is relevant to note that TCMs might also contain
animal and mineral products and that these too might be contaminated
with heavy metals [27].
Although contamination can be accidental, adulteration is, by
definition, fraudulent. The reasons why some AHMs contain prescription
drugs are speculative. I suspect that some manufacturers include such
ingredients to render their products more clinically effective. If
this is the case, it seems obvious that the inclusion of prescription
drugs is fraudulent and illegal.
Many consumers are motivated to try AHMs through a misconception that
these remedies are inherently safe [28], and there is evidence that
the (UK) daily press have their share in perpetuating this myth [29].
Approximately half of the individuals using herbal medicines do not
tell their physician [30]. This level of non-communication further
increases the risk to the consumer because doctors might fail to
diagnose adverse effects caused by treatments of which they are not
aware. The majority of people taking herbal remedies combine them with
conventional drugs [30]. This opens the possibility of herb-drug
interactions [31,32], which, in turn, further raises concern about
consumer safety.
Recent evidence suggests that consumers are beginning to become
concerned about the risks of under-regulation of dietary supplements,
and the majority of US consumers now seem to support [33]: (1) the
requirement that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review the
safety of new dietary supplements before their sale; (2) increased
authority to remove from sale those products shown to be unsafe; and
(3) increased government regulation to ensure that advertising claims
about the health benefits of dietary supplements are true.
How can the risk to patients be minimized? An appropriate strategy
[34,35] (box 5) should follow several avenues. The consumer should be
informed that "natural" does not necessarily mean 'free from risk' and
that adverse effects as a result of AHMs are an undeniable reality.
Patients and physicians should be encouraged to talk about the use of
AHMs and other complementary/alternative treatments [34] and the
possibility of interactions of herbal medicines with prescribed drugs
[31,32].
Regulators should consider measures to control this sector of
healthcare more effectively. It is concluded that toxic herbal metals
and undeclared drugs in AHM represent a potentially serious problem
that puts consumers at risk. Means of minimizing this risk must be
found and implemented.
Wang, Ang, b. 1615; Hu, Tsung-wen Shen-nung pen ts'ao pei yao i fang
ho pien (Herbal and Prescriptions) China, 1740. 6 vols. from The
National Library of Medicine.
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| |
| harmony 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| anybody who observes ayurvedic regimen, is naturally immune to health
problems.
"Dr. Jai Maharaj" <usenet@mantra.com> wrote in message
news:HeucA4170axWzA@HfeAp...
> Inside Ayurved: An Independent Journal of Ayurvedic Health Care
>
> Forwarded message from Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
>
> [ Subject: "Inside Ayurveda: An Independent Journal of
> Ayurvedic Health Care."
> [ From: Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
> [ Date: Sat, 27 Aug 2005
>
> Ayurvedic medicine
>
> Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
> http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603
> By Douglas Dupler
>
> sbchopra.sgm
>
> Definition
>
> Ayurvedic medicine is a system of healing that originated
> in ancient India. In Sanskrit, ayur means life or living,
> and veda means knowledge, so Ayurved has been defined as
> the "knowledge of living" or the "science of longevity."
> Ayurvedic medicine utilizes diet, detoxification and
> purification techniques, herbal and mineral remedies,
> yoga, breathing exercises, meditation, and massage
> therapy as holistic healing methods. Ayurvedic medicine
> is widely practiced in modern India and has been steadily
> gaining followers in the West.
>
> Origins
>
> Ayurvedic medicine originated in the early civilizations
> of India some 3,000-5,000 years ago. It is mentioned in
> the Vedas, the ancient religious and philosophical texts
> that are the oldest surviving literature in the world,
> which makes Ayurvedic medicine the oldest surviving
> healing system. According to the texts, Ayurved was
> conceived by enlightened wise men as a system of living
> harmoniously and maintaining the body so that mental and
> spiritual awareness could be possible. Medical historians
> believe that Ayurvedic ideas were transported from
> ancient India to China and were instrumental in the
> development of Chinese medicine.
>
> Today, Ayurvedic medicine is used by 80% of the
> population in India. Aided by the efforts of Deepak
> Chopra and the Maharishi, it has become an increasingly
> accepted alternative medical treatment in America during
> the last two decades. Chopra is an M.D. who has written
> several bestsellers based on Ayurvedic ideas. He also
> helped develop the Center for Mind/Body Medicine in La
> Jolla, California, a major Ayurvedic center that trains
> physicians in Ayurvedic principles, produces herbal
> remedies, and conducts research and documentation of its
> healing techniques.
>
> Benefits According to the original texts, the goal of
> Ayurved is prevention as well as promotion of the body's
> own capacity for maintenance and balance. Ayurvedic
> treatment is non-invasive and non-toxic, so it can be
> used safely as an alternative therapy or alongside
> conventional therapies. Ayurvedic physicians claim that
> their methods can also help stress-related, metabolic,
> and chronic conditions. Ayurved has been used to treat
> acne, allergies, asthma, anxiety, arthritis, chronic
> fatigue syndrome, colds, colitis, constipation,
> depression, diabetes, flu, heart disease, hypertension,
> immune problems, inflammation, insomnia, nervous
> disorders, obesity, skin problems, and ulcers.
>
> Ayurvedic physicians seek to discover the roots of a
> disease before it gets so advanced that more radical
> treatments are necessary. Thus, Ayurved seems to be
> limited in treating severely advanced conditions,
> traumatic injuries, acute pain, and conditions and
> injuries requiring invasive surgery. Ayurvedic techniques
> have also been used alongside chemotherapy and surgery to
> assist patients in recovery and healing.
>
> Description
>
> Key ideas
>
> To understand Ayurvedic treatment, it is necessary to
> have an idea how the Ayurvedic system views the body. The
> basic life force in the body is praan, which is also
> found in the elements and is similar to the Chinese
> notion of chi. As Swami Vishnudevananda, a yogi and
> expert, put it, "Prana is in the air, but is not the
> oxygen, nor any of its chemical constituents. It is in
> food, water, and in the sunlight, yet it is not vitamin,
> heat, or light-rays. Food, water, air, etc., are only the
> media through which the praan is carried."
>
> In Ayurved, there are five basic elements that contain
> praan: earth, water, fire, air, and ether. These elements
> interact and are further organized in the human body as
> three main categories or basic physiological principles
> in the body that govern all bodily functions known as the
> doshas. The three doshas are vatt, pitt, and kaph. Each
> person has a unique blend of the three doshas, known as
> the person's prakriti, which is why Ayurvedic treatment
> is always individualized. In Ayurved, disease is viewed
> as a state of imbalance in one or more of a person's
> doshas, and an Ayurvedic physician strives to adjust and
> balance them, using a variety of techniques.
>
> The vatt dosh is associated with air and ether, and in
> the body promotes movement and lightness. Vatt people are
> generally thin and light physically, dry-skinned, and
> very energetic and mentally restless. When vatt is out of
> balance, there are often nervous problems, hyperactivity,
> sleeplessness, lower back pains, and headaches.
>
> Pitt is associated with fire and water. In the body, it
> is responsible for metabolism and digestion. Pitt
> characteristics are medium-built bodies, fair skin,
> strong digestion, and good mental concentration. Pitt
> imbalances show up as anger and aggression and stress-
> related conditions like gastritis, ulcers, liver
> problems, and hypertension.
>
> The kaph dosh is associated with water and earth. People
> characterized as kaph are generally large or heavy with
> more oily complexions. They tend to be slow, calm, and
> peaceful. Kaph disorders manifest emotionally as greed
> and possessiveness, and physically as obesity, fatigue,
> bronchitis, and sinus problems.
>
> Diagnosis
>
> In Ayurvedic medicine, disease is always seen as an
> imbalance in the dosh system, so the diagnostic process
> strives to determine which doshas are underactive or
> overactive in a body. Diagnosis is often taken over a
> course of days in order for the Ayurvedic physician to
> most accurately determine what parts of the body are
> being affected. To diagnose problems, Ayurvedic
> physicians often use long questionnaires and interviews
> to determine a person's dosh patterns and physical and
> psychological histories. Ayurvedic physicians also
> intricately observe the pulse, tongue, face, lips, eyes,
> and fingernails for abnormalities or patterns that they
> believe can indicate deeper problems in the internal
> systems. Some Ayurvedic physicians also use laboratory
> tests to assist in diagnosis.
>
> Treatment
>
> Ayurvedic treatment seeks to re-establish balance and
> harmony in the body's systems. Usually the first method
> of treatment involves some sort of detoxification and
> cleansing of the body, in the belief that accumulated
> toxins must be removed before any other methods of
> treatment will be effective. Methods of detoxification
> include therapeutic vomiting, laxatives, medicated
> enemas, fasting, and cleansing of the sinuses. Many
> Ayurvedic clinics combine all of these cleansing methods
> into intensive sessions known as panchakarm. Panchakarm
> can take several days or even weeks and they are more
> than elimination therapies. They also include herbalized
> oil massage and herbalized heat treatments. After
> purification, Ayurvedic physicians use herbal and mineral
> remedies to balance the body as well. Ayurvedic medicine
> contains a vast knowledge of the use of herbs for
> specific health problems.
>
> Ayurvedic medicine also emphasizes how people live their
> lives from day to day, believing that proper lifestyles
> and routines accentuate balance, rest, diet, and
> prevention. Ayurved recommends yoga as a form of exercise
> to build strength and health, and also advises massage
> therapy and self-massage as ways of increasing
> circulation and reducing stress. Yogic breathing
> techniques and meditation are also part of a healthy
> Ayurvedic regimen, to reduce stress and improve mental
> energy.
>
> Of all treatments, though, diet is one of the most basic
> and widely used therapy in the Ayurvedic system. An
> Ayurvedic diet can be a very well planned and
> individualized regimen. According to Ayurved, there are
> six basic tastes: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter,
> and astringent. Certain tastes and foods can either calm
> or aggravate a particular dosh. For instance, sweet,
> sour, and salty decrease vatt problems and increase kaph.
> Sour, salty, and pungent can increase pitt. After an
> Ayurvedic physician determines a person's dosh profile,
> they will recommend a specific diet to correct imbalances
> and increase health. The Ayurvedic diet emphasizes
> primarily vegetarian foods of high quality and freshness,
> tailored to the season and time of day. Cooling foods are
> eaten in the summer and heating ones in the winter,
> always within a person's dosh requirements. In daily
> routine, the heaviest meal of the day should be lunch,
> and dinner should eaten well before bedtime, to allow for
> complete digestion. Also, eating meals in a calm manner
> with proper chewing and state of mind is important, as is
> combining foods properly and avoiding overeating.
>
> Cost
>
> Costs of Ayurvedic treatments can vary, with initial
> consultations running anywhere from $40 to over $100,
> with follow-up visits costing less. Herbal treatments may
> cost from $10 to $50 per month, and are often available
> from health food or bulk herb stores. Some clinics offer
> panchakarm, the intensive Ayurvedic detoxification
> treatment, which can include overnight stays for up to
> several weeks. The prices for these programs can vary
> significantly, depending on the services and length of
> stay. Insurance reimbursement may depend on whether the
> primary physician is a licensed M.D.
>
> Preparations
>
> Ayurved is a mind/body system of health that contains
> some ideas foreign to the Western scientific model. Those
> people considering Ayurved should approach it with an
> open mind and willingness to experiment. Also, because
> Ayurved is a whole-body system of healing and health,
> patience and discipline are helpful, as some conditions
> and diseases are believed to be brought on by years of
> bad health habits and require time and effort to correct.
> Finally, the Ayurvedic philosophy believes that each
> person has the ability to heal themselves, so those
> considering Ayurved should be prepared to bring
> responsibility and participation into the treatment.
>
> Precautions
>
> An Ayurvedic practitioner should always be consulted.
>
> Side effects
>
> During Ayurvedic detoxification programs, some people
> report fatigue, muscle soreness, and general sickness.
> Also, as Ayurved seeks to release mental stresses and
> psychological problems from the patient, some people can
> experience mental disturbances and depression during
> treatment, and psychological counseling may be part of a
> sound program.
>
> Research & general acceptance
>
> Because Ayurved had been outside the Western scientific
> system for years, research in the United States is new.
> Another difficulty in documentation arises because
> Ayurvedic treatment is very individualized; two people
> with the same disease but different dosh patterns might
> be treated differently. Much more scientific research has
> been conducted over the past several decades in India.
> Much research in the United States is being supported by
> the Maharishi Ayur-Ved organization, which studies the
> Ayurvedic products it sells and its clinical practices.
>
> Some Ayurvedic herbal mixtures have been proven to have
> high antioxidant properties, much stronger than vitamins
> A, C, and E, and some have also been shown in laboratory
> tests to reduce or eliminate tumors in mice and to
> inhibit cancer growth in human lung tumor cells. In a
> 1987 study at MIT, an Ayurvedic herbal remedy was shown
> to significantly reduce colon cancer in rats. Another
> study was performed in the Netherlands with Maharishi
> Ayur-Ved products. A group of patients with chronic
> illnesses, including asthma, chronic bronchitis,
> hypertension, eczema, psoriasis, constipation, rheumatoid
> arthritis, headaches, and non-insulin dependent diabetes
> mellitus, were given Ayurvedic treatment. Strong results
> were observed, with nearly 80% of the patients improving
> and some chronic conditions being completely cured.
>
> Other studies have shown that Ayurvedic therapies can
> significantly lower cholesterol and blood pressure in
> stress-related problems. Diabetes, acne, and allergies
> have also been successfully treated with Ayurvedic
> remedies. Ayurvedic products have been shown to increase
> short-term memory and reduce headaches. Also, Ayurvedic
> remedies have been used successfully to support the
> healing process of patients undergoing chemotherapy, as
> these remedies have been demonstrated to increase immune
> system activity.
>
> Training & certification
>
> In the United States, there is no standardized program
> for the certification of Ayurvedic practitioners. Many
> practitioners have primary degrees, either as M.D.s,
> homeopaths, or naturopathic physicians, with additional
> training in Ayurved.
>
> Key Terms
>
> Dosh
>
> One of three constitutional types, either vatt,
> pitt, or kaph, found in Ayurvedic medicine.
>
> Meditation
>
> Technique of calming the mind.
>
> Panchakarm
>
> Intensive Ayurvedic cleansing and detoxification
> program.
>
> Prakriti
> An individual's unique dosh pattern.
>
> Praan
>
> Basic life energy found in the elements.
>
> Yog
>
> System of body and breathing exercises.
>
> Vatt Pitt Kaph
>
> Physical Thin Average build Large build
> characteristics Prominent features Fair, thin hair Wavy, thick hair
> Cool, dry skin Warm, moist skin Pale, cool, oily
skin
> Constipation Ulcers, heartburn, Obesity,
allergies,
> Cramps and hemorrhoids and sinus
problems
> Acne High cholesterol
>
> Emotional Moody Intense Relaxed
> characteristics Vivacious Quick tempered Not easily
angered
> Intelligent Loving Affectionate
> Imaginative Articulate Tolerant
> Enthusiastic Compassionate
> Intuitive
>
> Behavioral Unscheduled sleep Orderly Structured Slow, graceful
> characteristics and meal times sleep and meal Long sleeper and
> Nervous disorders times slow eater
> Anxiety Perfectionist Procrastination
>
> Further Reading
>
> For Your Information
>
> Books
>
> Gerson, Scott M.D. Ayurved: The Ancient Indian Healing
> Art. Boston: Element Books, 1993.
>
> Lad, Dr. Vasant. Ayurved: The Science of Self-Healing.
> Wisconsin: Lotus Press, 1984.
>
> Lad, Dr. Vasant. The Complete Book of Ayurvedic Home
> Remedies. Minneapolis: Three Rivers Press, 1999.
>
> Tiwari, Maya. Ayurved: A Life of Balance. Vermont:
> Healing Arts Press, 1995. Organizations
>
> American Institute of Vedic Studiess. P.O. Box 8357,
> Santa Fe, NM 87504. (505) 983-9385
>
> Ayurved Holistic Center. Bayville, Long Island, NY.
> (516)759-7731 mail@Ayurvedahc.com
> http://www.Ayurvedahc.com
>
> The Ayurvedic Institute. 11311 Menaul, NE Albuquerque,
> New Mexico 87112. (505)291-9698. info@Ayurved.com
> http://www.Ayurved.com
>
> Ayurvedic and Naturopathic Medical Clinic. 10025 NE 4th
> Street, Bellevue, WA 98004. (206)453-8022.
>
> Bastyr university of Natural Health Sciences. 144 N.E.
> 54th Street, Seattle, WA 98105. (206)523-9585.
>
> Center for Mind/Body Medicine. P.O. Box 1048, La Jolla,
> CA 92038. (619)794-2425.
>
> The college of Maharishi Ayur-Ved, Maharishi
> International University. 1000 4th Street, Fairfield, IA
> 52557. (515)472-7000.
>
> National Institute of Ayurvedic Medicine. (914)278-8700.
> drgerson@erols.com http://www.niam.com
>
> The Rocky Mountain Institute of Yoga and Ayurved. P.O.
> Box 1091, Boulder, CO 80306. (303)443-6923.
>
> Other
>
> "Inside Ayurved: An Independent Journal of Ayurvedic
> Health Care." P.O. Box 3021, Quincy, CA 95971.
> http://www.insideayurveda.com.
>
> Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine. Gale Group,
> 2001.
>
>
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...jhtml?term=yoga
>
> End of forwarded message from Fidyl <fidyl@yahoo.com>
>
> Jai Maharaj
> http://www.mantra.com/jai
> Om Shanti
>
> Hindu Holocaust Museum
> http://www.mantra.com/holocaust
>
> Hindu life, principles, spirituality and philosophy
> http://www.hindu.org
> http://www.hindunet.org
>
> The truth about Islam and Muslims
> http://www.flex.com/~jai/satyamevajayate
>
> The terrorist mission of Jesus stated in the Christian bible:
>
> "Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not so send
> peace, but a sword.
> "For I am come to set a man at variance against his father, and the
> daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in
> law.
> "And a man's foes shall be they of his own household.
> - Matthew 10:34-36.
>
> o Not for commercial use. Solely to be fairly used for the
educational
> purposes of research and open discussion. The contents of this post may
not
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> poster. The contents are protected by copyright law and the exemption for
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> o If you send private e-mail to me, it will likely not be read,
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current
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are
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article.
>
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| |
| whogasa 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| Not to mental ones obviously
| |
| Balwant Dixit 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| Utter nonsense................BND
| |
| harmony 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| this fact can be proved by taking a polling the hindus in india. don't poll
mommedans and commies like commisar balwantoski.
"harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:vOKQe.7071$tT.3757@okepread02...
> anybody who observes ayurvedic regimen, is naturally immune to health
> problems.
>
>
> "Dr. Jai Maharaj" <usenet@mantra.com> wrote in message
> news:HeucA4170axWzA@HfeAp...
hair[vbcol=seagreen]
oily[vbcol=seagreen]
> skin
> allergies,
> problems
cholesterol[vbcol=seagreen]
> angered
and[vbcol=seagreen]
Procrastination[vbcol=seagreen]
>
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...jhtml?term=yoga
send[vbcol=seagreen]
in[vbcol=seagreen]
> educational
> not
the[vbcol=seagreen]
for[vbcol=seagreen]
> current
> are
> article.
of[vbcol=seagreen]
believed[vbcol=seagreen]
> Title
> included
by[vbcol=seagreen]
> information
of[vbcol=seagreen]
>
>
| |
| harikumar@indero.com 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| "anybody who observes ayurvedic regimen, is naturally immune to health
problems."
Ah, so in the good old days when it was the only game in town the
thousands of people who died each year did so due to exactly what?
| |
| Dr. Jai Maharaj 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| Many physicians in western countries
now rely on Ayurved. Their number
continues to grow.
Jai Maharaj
http://www.mantra.com/jai
Om Shanti
In article <G64Re.8134$tT.5557@okepread02>,
"harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> posted:
> this fact can be proved by taking a polling the hindus in india. don't poll
> mommedans and commies like commisar balwantoski.
>
> "harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> wrote in message
> news:vOKQe.7071$tT.3757@okepread02...
> hair
> oily
> cholesterol
> and
> Procrastination
> http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...le.jhtml?term=y
> oga
> send
> in
> the
> for
> of
> believed
> by
> of
>
>
| |
| harmony 2005-09-24, 2:18 pm |
| that's a good sign. however, i hope i don't hear of "power ayurveda" like i
did as in "power yoga". give americans a good thing, and their media mess it
up.
"Dr. Jai Maharaj" <usenet@mantra.com> wrote in message
news:LaEdE3651OHDhI@QnaEm...[vbcol=seagreen]
> Many physicians in western countries
> now rely on Ayurved. Their number
> continues to grow.
>
> Jai Maharaj
> http://www.mantra.com/jai
> Om Shanti
>
> In article <G64Re.8134$tT.5557@okepread02>,
> "harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> posted:
poll[vbcol=seagreen]
Affectionate[vbcol=seagreen]
Compassionate[vbcol=seagreen]
graceful[vbcol=seagreen]
sleeper[vbcol=seagreen]
eater[vbcol=seagreen]
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...le.jhtml?term=y[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
mother[vbcol=seagreen]
may[vbcol=seagreen]
of[vbcol=seagreen]
exemption[vbcol=seagreen]
read,[vbcol=seagreen]
others[vbcol=seagreen]
use[vbcol=seagreen]
copyright[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
as[vbcol=seagreen]
with[vbcol=seagreen]
without[vbcol=seagreen]
purposes[vbcol=seagreen]
purposes[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
| |
| Dr. Jai Maharaj 2005-09-24, 2:19 pm |
| Not only the media but also greedy enterprise and Christians try
to steal and ruin ancient wisdom -- for example, now there's
"Christian Yog" which is an unhealthy, modified version.
Jai Maharaj
http://www.mantra.com/jai
Om Shanti
In article <t1mRe.9676$tT.5409@okepread02>,
"harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> posted:
> that's a good sign. however, i hope i don't hear of "power ayurveda" like i
> did as in "power yoga". give americans a good thing, and their media mess it
> up.
>
>
> Dr. Jai Maharaj posted:
>
> poll
> Affectionate
> Compassionate
> graceful
> sleeper
> eater
> http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...le.jhtml?term=y
> the
> mother
> may
> of
> exemption
> read,
> others
> use
> copyright
> the
> as
> with
> without
> purposes
> purposes
> the
>
>
| |
| harmony 2005-09-24, 2:19 pm |
| you are quite right.
many ameican pharmaceutical companies have patented hindu medicines of
ayurveda.
poor hindus had to spend bunch of money in american courts, using
philadelphia lawyers to overturn these patents - which they did
successfully. a pattern seems to be emerging: high power lawyers advise
corporate america to steal, doing a whole bunch of paper work, thus earning
corporations' trust that it is legal to steal. the lawyers thus make a whole
bunch of money in stealing, and then defend them, making whole bunch of
money again.
"Dr. Jai Maharaj" <usenet@mantra.com> wrote in message
news:GOoBi8732ObSsE@LdeEe...[vbcol=seagreen]
> Not only the media but also greedy enterprise and Christians try
> to steal and ruin ancient wisdom -- for example, now there's
> "Christian Yog" which is an unhealthy, modified version.
>
> Jai Maharaj
> http://www.mantra.com/jai
> Om Shanti
>
> In article <t1mRe.9676$tT.5409@okepread02>,
> "harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> posted:
like i[vbcol=seagreen]
mess it[vbcol=seagreen]
don't[vbcol=seagreen]
health[vbcol=seagreen]
build[vbcol=seagreen]
thick[vbcol=seagreen]
cool,[vbcol=seagreen]
Obesity,[vbcol=seagreen]
sinus[vbcol=seagreen]
easily[vbcol=seagreen]
Tolerant[vbcol=seagreen]
slow[vbcol=seagreen]
http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...le.jhtml?term=y[vbcol=seagreen]
not so[vbcol=seagreen]
and[vbcol=seagreen]
post[vbcol=seagreen]
opinion[vbcol=seagreen]
name,[vbcol=seagreen]
by[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
advance[vbcol=seagreen]
economic,[vbcol=seagreen]
is[vbcol=seagreen]
material[vbcol=seagreen]
accordance[vbcol=seagreen]
the[vbcol=seagreen]
from[vbcol=seagreen]
| |
| Dr. Jai Maharaj 2005-09-24, 2:19 pm |
| And these crooks use crooked accounting firms such as
Arthur Andersen to hide their money, escape taxes, etc:
Andersen guilty in Enron case
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2047122.stm
Jai Maharaj
http://www.mantra.com/jai
Om Shanti
In article <TCmRe.9998$tT.5887@okepread02>,
"harmony" <aka@hotmail.com> posted:
> you are quite right.
> many ameican pharmaceutical companies have patented hindu medicines of
> ayurveda.
> poor hindus had to spend bunch of money in american courts, using
> philadelphia lawyers to overturn these patents - which they did
> successfully. a pattern seems to be emerging: high power lawyers advise
> corporate america to steal, doing a whole bunch of paper work, thus earning
> corporations' trust that it is legal to steal. the lawyers thus make a whole
> bunch of money in stealing, and then defend them, making whole bunch of
> money again.
>
>
> Dr. Jai Maharaj posted:
>
> like i
> mess it
> don't
> health
> build
> thick
> cool,
> Obesity,
> sinus
> easily
> Tolerant
> slow
> http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/g2...le.jhtml?term=y
> not so
> and
> post
> opinion
> name,
> by
> the
> the
> advance
> economic,
> is
> material
> accordance
> the
> from
>
>
| |
| medicinesales@gmail.com 2005-09-24, 2:19 pm |
| Yoga is probably the oldest defined practice of self development.
Founded on principles that promote development of self awareness,
through the practice of physical asanas (postures), the understanding
and practice of pranayama (breath control) insight and awareness is
gained of the physical, mental and spiritual nature and well-being of
the individual. With this knowledge and practice, one has the
opportunity to adjust and change aspects and habitual patterns that
have discouraged the development and attunement that leads to a
balanced life.
Complete Yoga information :-
http://www.medical-health-care-info.../yoga/index.asp
Online Drug Resource :- http://www.epsdrugstore.com
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