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Oct. 14, 2004 | Science and Tech
UW licenses potential cancer treatment derived from ancient Chinese folk remedy
FROM: Rob Harrill rharrill@u.washington.edu 206-543-2580
A group of promising cancer-fighting compounds derived from a substance used in
ancient Chinese medicine will be developed for potential use in humans, the
University of Washington announced today.
The UW TechTransfer Office has signed a licensing agreement with Chongqing
Holley Holdings, a Chinese company, and Holley Pharmaceuticals, its U.S.
subsidiary.
The compounds, all developed through the research of UW scientists Henry Lai
and Narendra Singh of the Department of Bioengineering and Tomikazu Sasaki of
the Department of Chemistry, make use of a substance known as artemisinin,
found in the wormwood plant and used throughout Asia since ancient times to
treat malaria.
Although the compounds are promising, potential medical applications are still
years away, officials say.
"We are very excited about the UW's discovery and an opportunity to develop an
artemisinin-based cancer drug," Kevin Mak, chief scientist at Holley, said.
"The technology is very promising, but it's in its early stages. Further
research and clinical trials are needed."
The company, located in Chongqing, China, has been in the artemisinin business
for more than 30 years, and is a world leader in farming, extracting and
manufacturing artemisinin, its derivatives and artemisinin-based anti-malaria
drugs, officials say.
Lai said he became interested in artemisinin about 10 years ago. The chemical
helps control malaria because it reacts with the high iron concentrations found
in the single-cell malaria parasite. When artemisinin comes into contact with
iron, a chemical reaction ensues, spawning charged atoms that chemists call
"free radicals." The free radicals attack the cell membrane and other
molecules, breaking it apart and killing the parasite.
Lai said he began to wonder if the process might work with cancer, too.
"Cancer cells need a lot of iron to replicate DNA when they divide," Lai
explained. "As a result, cancer cells have much higher iron concentrations than
normal cells. When we began to understand how artemisinin worked, I started
wondering if we could use that knowledge to target cancer cells."
Perhaps the most promising of the methods licensed involves the use of
transferrin, to which the researchers bind artemisinin at the molecular level.
Transferrin is an iron-carrying protein found in blood, and is transported into
cells via transferrin receptors on a cell's surface.
Iron-hungry cancer cells typically have significantly more transferrin
receptors on their surface than normal cells, which allows them to take in more
of the iron-carrying protein. That, according to Lai, is what seems to make the
compound so effective.
"We call it a Trojan horse because a cancer cell recognizes transferrin as a
natural, harmless protein and picks up the tagged compound without knowing that
a bomb -- artemisinin -- is hidden inside."
Once inside the cancer cell, the iron is released and reacts with the
artemisinin. That makes the compound both highly toxic and, because of cancer's
rapacious need for iron, highly selective. Surrounding, healthy cells are
essentially undamaged.
"Our research in the lab indicated that the artemisinin-tagged transferrin was
34,000 times more effective in selecting and killing the cancer cells than
normal cells," Lai said. "Artemisinin alone is 100 times more effective, so
we've greatly enhanced the selectivity."
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For more information, contact Lai at (206) 543-1071 or hlai@u.washington.edu.
The Holley contact is Michael Liu, (714) 606-8415 or michael@holleypharma.com.
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Tom
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